Publicly Traded Company
A company is publicly traded when you can buy or sell their shares on stock exchanges / share markets.
A publicly traded company is like a big sports stadium open to the public. Anyone can buy a ticket (shares) to watch the game (company’s performance). Just like a game, the company's performance can be full of exciting wins and disappointing losses, and as a ticket holder (shareholder), you're part of the audience, experiencing the highs and lows.
Not all companies are publicly traded. They might be private which means you can’t invest in them.